linux常用命令

作者

根据文件名查找

find 路径 -name 文件名

压缩解压

tar -cvf 压缩后.tar *.jpg
tar -xzvf 压缩包.tar

授予文件全权限

chmod +777 文件名

修改文件夹拥有者

chown -R user folder

强制删除文件

rm -rf 文件名

防火墙

sudo ufw status   #查看防火墙状态
sudo ufw allow 80   #开放特定端口
sudo ufw allow from 47.99.123.240  #允许特定IP地址连接服务器的所有端口
sudo ufw delete allow from 47.99.123.240 #删除上面那条规则

ubuntu重启apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

vim

:wq           保存退出
i             插入
shift+^       快速行首
shift+$       快速行尾
:%s/sub/subs/g  将所有的sub替换为subs

gnuplot

set term jpeg                               #将图片输出到文件
set output 'a.jpeg'
plot 'Graphene_12.DOS.Tetrahedron' w l

bc

typeset dd=$(echo "$d+0.3752"|bc)         #小数运算

awk

awk -F" " 'BEGIN{ele=0} /m\+mul/{ele+=$6 ;print ele} END {print ele}' Graphene_BP_distance.out #打印有m+mul的一列数字和
eval $(awk '{ printf("x=%s",$1); }')  #给外部变量x赋值

更新源

https://www.cnblogs.com/ashe666/p/10036757.html 
#备份配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
#打开文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
#重开终端，查看版本代号
    #Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)代号为precise
    #Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)代号为trusty
    #Ubuntu 15.04 代号为vivid
    #Ubuntu 15.10 代号为wily
    #Ubuntu 16.04 (LTS)代号为xenial
    #Ubuntu 18.04 代号为bionic
lsb_release -c
#更新文件如下
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#更新文件列表
sudo apt-get update

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